Mr. Windu dot Com: March 2010

BlackBerry Dual SIM Card? Try G588

If want a BlackBerry but may contain dual SIM card, can now be obtained more easily, especially users who are in India. G-Fone handset G-588 is now present in India with the price of Rs4799 or $ 105.5. G-Fone mobile phone G-588 It looks like the BlackBerry Curve 8900, with the d-pad, not the trackball. One of the uniqueness of this handset is that it can be used in different modes, namely GSM + GSM, or GSM + CDMA.

G-Fone handset G-588 has a QWERTY keypad and integrated with Nimbuzz, social networking applications, including Facebook, Twitter, Skype, and the messenger like-Talk, Yahoo, MSN, AOL, and so on. Multimedia player in the G-Fone handset G-588 includes features to play MP3, MP4, and 8GB of additional memory. Other unique features like a calendar of India, for the calculation of various Hindu rituals and other ferstival.

Another key feature of the G-Fone mobile phone G-588:

* Dual Sim (GSM + CDMA & GSM + GSM)
* 64,000 Colors QVGA Display
* Screen Size 2.2 "
* Phone Book -1000 X 10 fields
* Mp Ringtones
* Hindi Menu
* FM on Speaker Phone
* 1.3 MP Camera
* Mp3 Music Player
* Video Recording
* Video playback 3GP & MP4
* Exp Mem up to 8Gb
* Bluetooth
* Indian Calendar
* JAVA Enabled
* Nimbuzz
* Email
* Yahoo
* Opera Mini
* PC GPRS
* Web Camera

Do you interesting ? you can collect your maney to buy it

News from : beritanet

Nokia 7230, Come on Your Life

After its appearance some time ago, the Nokia 7230 is now ready to be marketed online. This slider phone has a 2.4 inch screen size and the Series 40 platform carrying this, it is also filled with some technologies that are stored neatly inside.

Nokia 7230 mobile phone was first seen when launched in late 2009 the last year and also coincided with the appearance of the Nokia 6700 Slide. Slide 2 phone is the graphite color options and Hot Pink, you can now select the one according to your wishes.

Nokia 7230 has a slide show and weight 100g. Quad-band phone is equipped with 70MB of internal memory and microSD slot that allows to add memory up to 16GB. Other features include 3.2 Megapixel camera, Bluetooth, 3.5mm audio jack, and access to Flickr and Facebook.

news from : beritateknologi

BlackBerry Tour 9630 in Indonesian

The presence of BlackBerry in Indonesia received a warm welcome from many quarters. Not just for the adults, even teenagers do not want to miss as to style with the BlackBerry-style mobile phone. Many phone models are also trying to lure BlackBerry kloningan Indonesian market with a price range much cheaper than the original BlackBerry.

This time the RIM, a global leader in wireless technology, working with Smart Telecom, a CDMA operator in Indonesia recently has announced the launch of BlackBerry in Indonesia Tour 9630.

Along with the launch of the BlackBerry Tour operator Smart also launched a new exciting service that Great BlackBerry Smart. Both customers prepaid and postpaid will be able to use BlackBerry services Great, which also offers Internet solutions without boundaries. In addition, customers will be able to use this smartphone as a modem for unlimited internet access at no additional cost as well. This service can be enjoyed only by 8 thousand dollars per day or 180 thousand dollars for 30 days.

Here are some features of the BlackBerry Tour:

* 3.2 megapixel camera, built-in the GPS

* SMS / MMS, media player with an additional

* 256 MB Flash Memory, plus an external memory card capacity of 2GB (microSD / SDHC)

* It supports the BlackBerry App World, BlackBerry Maps, BlackBerry Push Email

* Organizer, Browser

* Can access the BlackBerry Enterprise Server or BlackBerry Enterprise Server Express

* Can access the internet with high speed CDMA network in Indonesia and UMTS / HSPA (2100MHz) and quad-band EDGE / GPRS / GSM networks overseas

"We introduced the BlackBerry smartphone to the 9630 Tour CDMA customers with unlimited service offering BlackBerry Smart Great. With the BlackBerry Smart subscribed to Great, customers do not have to worry about additional costs. BlackBerry 9630 Tour with the exception of a smartphone that offers customers to stay connected with others and can easily access any information that is important to them, anytime and anywhere. "Explained Tom A Dinharsa, head of Device Technology & Special Project at PT Smart Telecom.

There are two ways to buy Great BlackBerry Smart package of loans or direct payments for 6 months without interest by using a credit card Mandiri. The second option is included for free for 30 days use of the Great BlackBerry Smart package. BlackBerry 9630 mobile tour and the service is now available in the gallery Smart, Okeshop and Trikomsel. Well, you have a BlackBerry tertarikkah this one and its services?

news from : beritateknologi

Nokia X 9 Will Come on Your Life

After the presence of Nokia X6 a few moments ago, now the news of the presence terbesit Nokia X9 as a device similar in form, is packed in the latest features. By offering an amazing design concept, the presence of this phone could be the perfect phone to take over the Nokia 5800.

See photos for your Nokia phone concept X9, and this device can be one of Nokia's most stylish and current. Display in the right image stretches to the edge of the handset, giving a smooth appearance, and round the edge of the handset also provides a contemporary appearance.

Details of the Nokia X9 appeared in Techie Buzz, along with the picture above, and if the news is indeed true, then the Nokia X9 will show capacitive touchscreen display. Appearance is in line with Nokia X6, although according to Techie Buzz may be also equipped with a camera feature that can record in 720p HD, and quad flash LED for nighttime use.

If Nokia X9 will be launched after the presence of the Symbian operating system ^ 3, there is even a possibility that this Nokia phone X9 may be able to become the first handset to take advantage of the moment of the presence of a new operating system, which separate settings from Nokia touch-screen devices available.

Unfortunately, no further details about the existence of this Nokia phone X9. Well, just wait further news later.

source : beritateknologi

Bioprocess Technology

Do you know definition about Bioprocess ? Bioprocess is very important on Food engineering processing. A bioprocess is any process that uses complete living cells or their components (e.g., bacteria ,enzymes, chloroplasts) to obtain desired products

Transport of energy and mass is fundamental to many biological and environmental processes. Areas, from food processing to thermal design of building to biomedical devices to pollution control and global warming, require knowledge of how energy and mass can be transported through materials[mass,momentum,heat transfer.

Food and Bioprocess Technology provides an effective and timely platform for cutting-edge high quality original papers in the engineering and science of all types of food processing technologies, from the original food supply source to the consumer’s dinner table. It aims to be a leading international journal for the multidisciplinary agri-food research community

Definition and Typical Values of Cetane Number

Cetane number or CN is a measurement of the combustion quality of diesel fuel during compression ignition. It is a significant expression of diesel fuel quality among a number of other measurements that determine overall diesel fuel quality.

Cetane number is actually a measure of a fuel's ignition delay; the time period between the start of injection and start of combustion (ignition) of the fuel. In a particular diesel engine, higher cetane fuels will have shorter ignition delay periods than lower cetane fuels. Cetane numbers are only used for the relatively light distillate diesel oils. For heavy (residual) fuel oil two other scales are used CCAI and CII.

Typical Values

Generally, diesel engines run well with a CN from 40 to 55. Fuels with higher cetane number which have shorter ignition delays provide more time for the fuel combustion process to be completed. Hence, higher speed diesels operate more effectively with higher cetane number fuels. There is no performance or emission advantage when the CN is raised past approximately 55; after this point, the fuel's performance hits a plateau.

In Europe, diesel cetane numbers were set at a minimum of 38 in 1994 and 40 in 2000. The current standard for diesel sold in European Union, Iceland, Norway and Switzerland is set in EN 590, with a minimum cetane index of 46 and a minimum cetane number of 51. Premium diesel fuel can have a cetane number as high as 60.

In North America, most states adopt ASTM D975 as their diesel fuel standard and the minimum cetane number is set at 40, with typical values in the 42-45 range. Premium diesels may or may not have higher cetane, depending on the supplier. Premium diesel often use additives to improve CN and lubricity, detergents to clean the fuel injectors and minimize carbon deposits, water dispersants, and other additives depending on geographical and seasonal needs.

Dimethyl ether may prove advantageous as a future diesel fuel as it has a high cetane rating (55) and can be produced as a biofuel.

Alkyl nitrates (principally 2-ethyl hexyl nitrate and di-tert-butyl peroxide are used as additives to raise the cetane number.

Biodiesel from vegetable oil sources have been recorded as having a cetane number range of 46 to 52, and animal-fat based biodiesels cetane numbers range from 56 to 60.

Source : wikipedia.org

Links Exchange

Teman-teman yang mau tukaran links silakan copy paste url berikut http://tik-mrwindu.blogspot.com atau http://mrwindu.com Berikut ini Blog teman-teman kami yang sudah kami pasang :

Sex dot Com Menjadi Domain Termahal di Dunia

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Facebook Unggul di atas Twitter ?

Facebook atau Twitter unggulan mana ya ? Menurut berita yang dirilis beritanet.com menyebutkan bahwa Berita yang mengejutkan saat sebanyak 12 persen pengguna web menemukan situs jejaring social yang ‘sulit’ diakses, menurut sebuah survey yang diadakan oleh firma konsultan internet Webcredible. Poling tersebut dilakukan kepada 1,000 pengguna untuk mengidentifikasi jejaring social mana yang mereka temukan mudah untuk digunakan.

Menurut Trenton Moss, director Webcredible berargumen bahwa responden yang memberikan ‘label’ kepada jejaring social yang sulit digunakan, mungkin tidak memiliki banyak waktu untuk mempelajari kinerja situs tersebut. Hasil polling menunjukkan bahwa Facebook keluar sebagai top survey dengan jumlah 50 persen, sedangkan Twitter berada di peringkat kedua dengan angka 19 persen.

Namun, Moss menjelaskan bahwa hasil tersebut juga sesuai dengan kenyataan bahwa Facebook juga memiliki popularitas yang besar, begitu pula dengan pengalaman user. Jika seseorang pertama kali menggunakan Facebook, dan kemudian membandingkannya penggunaannya dengan situs lain, mungkin hasilnya tidak sama, tambahnya.
Sementara untuk situs jejaring social yang bertaraf lebih kecil, seperti LinkedIn hanya menerima voter 5 persen, 4 persen untuk MySpace, dan Bebo juga Friends Reunited masing-masing hanya satu persen.

Rahasia Facebook tentang Siapa yang Melihat Profil Kita

Facebook bukan main perkembangannya, saat ini Rangkingnya sudah 1 trap di bawah Google. Itu artinya bahwa Facebook menjadi Website yang paling digemari setelah Google yang notabene sebagai Mesin Pencari paling handal. Nah katanya di Facebook ada Fitur Who View My Profile, benarkah ? Atau hanya sekadar akal-akalan para hacker untuk membobol data user Facebook ? Seperti berita yang saya baca di beritanet.com Jika user mengakses Facebook, mungkin user akan mendapatkan notifikasi yang berisi bahwa user sekarang dapat mengetahui siapa yang telah melihat profil user. Namun, Facebook jelas-jelas menegaskan bahwa Facebook tidak memberikan izin soal itu. Aplikasi tidak dapat melacak kunjungan profil user dengan cara mengunjungi profil orang lain, karena Facebook telah membuat situs jejaring sosial ini secara teknis tidak bisa melakukannya.

Agar dapat melacak kunjungan user, maka user harus secara spesifik setuju memperbolehkan aplikasi tersebut untuk melacak semua aksi user. Namun, sekali lagi Facebook menegaskan tidak menyediakan aplikasi tersebut. Tampaknya Facebook memang mematikan fungsi tersebut, namun mereka juga memperbolehkan berbagai scam dengan ribuan nama dan setiap iterasi aplikasi yang dapat mengumpulkan data hingga user memberikan report buruk ke Facebook.

Nah kan, jangan asal percaya, teliti dulu sebelum mengikuti aplikasi tertentu, jangan-jangan scam, atau spam.

Start System Thinking

How we think influences human's behaviour everyday. Russell L. Ackoff, a philosopher, thinks that traditionally scientific system thinkings are based on two main ideas.

First idea is based on understanding about every phenomenon can be explained with cause-effect corelation which says that every thing has a cause if the cause is necessary and sufficient. This system thinking is not enough, because it's often impossible for us to find the cause-effect corelation for every component in the system.

Second idea called reductionist which stated that everything in this world (and every experience about the world) can be reduced, decomposed, disassemblied or divided until it becomes parts that can't be divided anymore. The problem solution for every part is assumed to be able to solve the whole problem.

Let's see some examples which are rather extreme:

1. A father has problems with diabetes and liver. To solve this problem, his son divide this problem into two parts, which is diabetes and liver. One day, his son took him to a doctor to cure his diabetes to solve the first part (the first problem). Another day, his son took him to another doctor to cure his liver to solve the second part (the second problem). Both doctors surely gave different presriptions. The diabetes doctor gave him medicines to lower glucose level in his blood, another doctor gave him other medicines to increase glucose level in his blood so his liver can work again.

In this problem, mistakes was done by all parties, why both the son and the father did not tell the doctors about the father's whole problem and why the doctor did not ask what medicines is being consumed by the father. Maybe that's the result of reductionist system thinking.

2. When we do an essay test, a problem may not consist only one question, there may be some questions, it's better if we read the all questions that are related to the question first then answer the questions, because it often happens when we answer the question one by one, when we do the next question, that time we may just really understand what the examiners want.
3. This is a more common example, when we translate sentences from one language to another, if we translate the word one by one without seeing the sentence context, then assembling it, the result is not impossibly becoming weird.
4. I watched a movie about an otaku. He loves a girl. But one day, his friends ask him to see an exebition called "Comixet". He told the girl that he has to work but actually he came to see the exebition, having fun with his friends in his otaku dress. But, suddenly he met the girl, the girl saw him in his otaku dress then she told him not to meet her again. He think it is his fault that he is an otaku. He throw away all his toys; gundams, models, comics, etc. Then he told the girl that he has left his otaku behaviour, but the girl still can't forgive him. Actually, he is an otaku, that is not a problem, the main problem is his small lie. How the story continues... watch "Densha Otoko"!

So, that's why that kind of system thinking is considered left behind. In the present times, when we have a problem, we should not think like our ancestor did, because many problems may not be possible to be solved by those two, the better idea is thinking with "system thinking", so we think to get a solution for the whole problem, not by its parts.

source : kejut.com

Definition of System Thinking

Systems thinking is the process of understanding how things influence one another other within a whole. In nature systems thinking examples include ecosystems in which various elements such as air, water, movement, plant and animals work together to survive or perish. In organizations, systems consist of people, structures, and processes that work together to make an organization healthy or unhealthy. Systems thinking has been defined as an approach to problem solving, by viewing "problems" as parts of an overall system, rather than reacting to specific part, outcomes or events and potentially contributing to further development of unintended consequences. Systems thinking is not one thing but a set of habits or practices within a framework that is based on the belief that the component parts of a system can best be understood in the context of relationships with each other and with other systems, rather than in isolation. Systems thinking focuses on cyclical rather than linear cause and effect.

In science systems, it is argued that the only way to fully understand why a problem or element occurs and persists is to understand the parts in relation to the whole.[2] Standing in contrast to Descartes's scientific reductionism and philosophical analysis, it proposes to view systems in a holistic manner. Consistent with systems philosophy, systems thinking concerns an understanding of a system by examining the linkages and interactions between the elements that compose the entirety of the system.

Science systems thinking attempts to illustrate that events are separated by distance and time and that small catalytic events can cause large changes in complex systems. Acknowledging that an improvement in one area of a system can adversely affect another area of the system, it promotes organizational communication at all levels in order to avoid the silo effect. Systems thinking techniques may be used to study any kind of system — natural, scientific, engineered, human, or conceptual.

source : wikipedia.org

Definition of System Thinking

The Laplace Transformation

The Laplace Transform is a powerful technique for analyzing linear timeinvariantsys tems such as electrical circuits and mechanical systems. Given a simple mathematical or functional description of an input or output to a system, the Laplace transform provides an alternative functional description that often simplifies the process of analyzing the behavior of the system, or in synthesizing a new system based on a set of specifications. In actual physical systems the Laplace transform is often interpreted as a transformation from the time-domain (inputs and outputs are functions of time), to the frequency-domain (inputs and outputs are functions of complex angular frequency, or radians per unit time). This transformation not only provides a fundamentally different way to understand the behavior of the system, but it also drastically reduces the complexity of the mathematical calculations required to analyze the system.

This integral transform has a number of properties that make it useful for analysing linear dynamical systems. A significant advantage is that differentiation and integration become multiplication and division, respectively. (This is similar to the way that logarithms change an operation of multiplication of numbers to addition of their logarithms.) This changes integral equations and differential equations to polynomial equations, which are much easier to solve. It is a powerful tool for solving a wide variety of initial-value problems.

source : http://www.seismo.ethz.ch

Definition if Laplace Transform

In mathematics, the Laplace transform is a widely used integral transform. It has many important applications in mathematics, physics, engineering, and probability theory.

The Laplace transform is related to the Fourier transform, but whereas the Fourier transform resolves a function or signal into its modes of vibration, the Laplace transform resolves a function into its moments. Like the Fourier transform, the Laplace transform is used for solving differential and integral equations. In physics and engineering, it is used for analysis of linear time-invariant systems such as electrical circuits, harmonic oscillators, optical devices, and mechanical systems. In this analysis, the Laplace transform is often interpreted as a transformation from the time-domain, in which inputs and outputs are functions of time, to the frequency-domain, where the same inputs and outputs are functions of complex angular frequency, in radians per unit time. Given a simple mathematical or functional description of an input or output to a system, the Laplace transform provides an alternative functional description that often simplifies the process of analyzing the behavior of the system, or in synthesizing a new system based on a set of specifications.

Denoted \displaystyle\mathcal{L} \left\{f(t)\right\}, it is a linear operator on a function f(t) (original) with a real argument t (t ≥ 0) that transforms it to a function F(s) (image) with a complex argument s. This transformation is essentially bijective for the majority of practical uses; the respective pairs of f(t) and F(s) are matched in tables. The Laplace transform has the useful property that many relationships and operations over the originals f(t) correspond to simpler relationships and operations over the images F(s). source : wikipedia.org

Definition of Operations Management

Do you know about definiton of Operations Management ? Operations Management is very important on the Industrial. If you want to know definition of Operation Management, you can read the posting below :

Operations management is an area of business concerned with the production of goods and services, and involves the responsibility of ensuring that business operations are efficient in terms of using as little resource as needed, and effective in terms of meeting customer requirements. It is concerned with managing the process that converts inputs (in the forms of materials, labour and energy) into outputs (in the form of goods and services).

Operations traditionally refers to the production of goods and services separately, although the distinction between these two main types of operations is increasingly difficult to make as manufacturers tend to merge product and service offerings. More generally, Operations Management aims to increase the content of value-added activities in any given process. Fundamentally, these value-adding creative activities should be aligned with market opportunity (see Marketing) for optimal enterprise performance.

According to the U.S. Department of Education, Operations Management [is the field concerned with managing and directing] the physical and/or technical functions of a firm or organization, particularly those relating to development, production, and manufacturing. [Operations Management programs typically include] instruction in principles of general management, manufacturing and production systems, plant management, equipment maintenance management, production control, industrial labor relations and skilled trades supervision, strategic manufacturing policy, systems analysis, productivity analysis and cost control, and materials planning. source : wikipedia.org

History of Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)

The PLC was invented in response to the needs of the American automotive manufacturing industry. Programmable logic controllers were initially adopted by the automotive industry where software revision replaced the re-wiring of hard-wired control panels when production models changed.

Before the PLC, control, sequencing, and safety interlock logic for manufacturing automobiles was accomplished using hundreds or thousands of relays, cam timers, and drum sequencers and dedicated closed-loop controllers. The process for updating such facilities for the yearly model change-over was very time consuming and expensive, as electricians needed to individually rewire each and every relay.

In 1968 GM Hydramatic (the automatic transmission division of General Motors) issued a request for proposal for an electronic replacement for hard-wired relay systems. The winning proposal came from Bedford Associates of Bedford, Massachusetts. The first PLC, designated the 084 because it was Bedford Associates' eighty-fourth project, was the result. Bedford Associates started a new company dedicated to developing, manufacturing, selling, and servicing this new product: Modicon, which stood for MOdular DIgital CONtroller. One of the people who worked on that project was Dick Morley, who is considered to be the "father" of the PLC. The Modicon brand was sold in 1977 to Gould Electronics, and later acquired by German Company AEG and then by French Schneider Electric, the current owner.

One of the very first 084 models built is now on display at Modicon's headquarters in North Andover, Massachusetts. It was presented to Modicon by GM, when the unit was retired after nearly twenty years of uninterrupted service. Modicon used the 84 moniker at the end of its product range until the 984 made its appearance.

The automotive industry is still one of the largest users of PLCs.

source : wikipedia.org

Definition of Programmable Logical Control (PLC)

A programmable logic controller (PLC) or programmable controller is a digital computer used for automation of electromechanical processes,such as control of machinery on factory assembly lines, amusement rides, or lighting fixtures. PLCs are used in many industries and machines. Unlike general-purpose computers, the PLC is designed for multiple inputs and output arrangements, extended temperature ranges, immunity to electrical noise, and resistance to vibration and impact. Programs to control machine operation are typically stored in battery-backed or non-volatile memory. A PLC is an example of a real time system since output results must be produced in response to input conditions within a bounded time, otherwise unintended operation will result.

source : wikipedia.org

Definition of Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)

How to Product Essential Oils

Distillation

Today, most common essential oils, such as lavender, peppermint, and eucalyptus, are distilled. Raw plant material, consisting of the flowers, leaves, wood, bark, roots, seeds, or peel, is put into an alembic (distillation apparatus) over water. As the water is heated the steam passes through the plant material, vaporizing the volatile compounds. The vapors flow through a coil where they condense back to liquid, which is then collected in the receiving vessel.

Most oils are distilled in a single process. One exception is Ylang-ylang (Cananga odorata), which takes 22 hours to complete through a fractional distillation.

The recondensed water is referred to as a hydrosol, hydrolat, herbal distillate or plant water essence, which may be sold as another fragrant product. Popular hydrosols include rose water, lavender water, lemon balm, clary sage and orange blossom water. The use of herbal distillates in cosmetics is increasing. Some plant hydrosols have unpleasant smells and are therefore not sold.

Expression

Most citrus peel oils are expressed mechanically, or cold-pressed. Due to the relatively large quantities of oil in citrus peel and low cost to grow and harvest the raw materials, citrus-fruit oils are cheaper than most other essential oils. Lemon or sweet orange oils that are obtained as by-products of the citrus industry are even cheaper.

Prior to the discovery of distillation, all essential oils were extracted by pressing.

Solvent extraction

Most flowers contain too little volatile oil to undergo expression and their chemical components are too delicate and easily denatured by the high heat used in steam distillation. Instead, a solvent such as hexane or supercritical carbon dioxide is used to extract the oils. Extracts from hexane and other hydrophobic solvent are called concretes, which is a mixture of essential oil, waxes, resins, and other lipophilic (oil soluble) plant material.

Although highly fragrant, concretes contain large quantities of non-fragrant waxes and resins. As such another solvent, often ethyl alcohol, which only dissolves the fragrant low-molecular weight compounds, is used to extract the fragrant oil from the concrete. The alcohol is removed by a second distillation, leaving behind the absolute.

Supercritical carbon dioxide is used as a solvent in supercritical fluid extraction. This method has many benefits, including avoiding petrochemical residues in the product and the loss of some "top notes" when steam distillation is used. It does not yield an absolute directly. The supercritical carbon dioxide will extract both the waxes and the essential oils that make up the concrete. Subsequent processing with liquid carbon dioxide, achieved in the same extractor by merely lowering the extraction temperature, will separate the waxes from the essential oils. This lower temperature process prevents the decomposition and denaturing of compounds. When the extraction is complete, the pressure is reduced to ambient and the carbon dioxide reverts back to a gas, leaving no residue. An animated presentation describing the process is available for viewing.

Supercritical carbon dioxide is also used for making decaffeinated coffee. However, although it uses the same basic principles it is a different process because of the difference in scale.

source : wikipedia.org

Product Classification

A. Agricultural products and raw materials.
B. Industrial goods:

Raw materials and semifinished goods.
Major and minor equipment, such as basic machinery, tools, and other processing facilities.
Parts or components, which become an integral element of some other finished good.
Supplies or items used to operate the business but that do not become part of the final product.

C. Consumer goods:

Convenience goods, such as food, which are purchased frequently with minimum effort. Impulse goods would also fall into this category.
Shopping goods, such as appliances, which are purchased after some time and energy are spent comparing the various offerings.
Specialty goods, which are unique in some way so the consumer will make a special effort to obtain them.

Definition of Product

Product is the sum of the physical, psychological, and sociological satisfactions that the buyer derives from purchase, ownership, and consumption.
From this standpoint, products are consumer-satisfying objects that include such things as accessories, packaging, and service.

Casting and Molding

In all casting processes, six basic factors are involved.

A mold cavity, having the desired shape and size and with due allowance for shrinkage of the solidifying metal, must be produced.
A suitable means must be available for melting the metal that is to be cast, providing not only adequate temperature but also satisfactory quality and low cost.
The molten metal must be introduced into the mold in such a manner that all air and gases in the mold, prior to pouring, will escape.
Provision must be made so that the mold will not cause too much restraint to the shrinkage that accompanies cooling after the metal has solidified.
It must be possible to remove the casting from the mold.
After removal from the mold, finishing operations may need to be performed to remove extraneous portions that are attached to the casting as the result of the method of introducing the metal into the cavity, or are picked up from the mold through contact of the metal with it.

Definition of Leather

If you learn about Leather Industrial, you must know about definiton about Leather, How to Processing it or another. Leather is a durable and flexible material created via the tanning of putrescible animal rawhide and skin, primarily cattlehide. It can be produced through different manufacturing processes, ranging from cottage industry to heavy industry.

The leather and the fur industries are differentiated by the manufacturing importance of the raw materials used to make the wares. In the leather industry, the skin and rawhide are by-products of the meat industry, because the meat has greater commercial value than the rawhide and skin. In the fur industry, the meat is a by-product, because the skins and hides have greater commercial value. Moreover, in taxidermy, the raw materials usually are only the animal’s head and back; hide and skin also are the raw materials for manufacturing animal glue and gelatin.

source : wikipedia.org

Definition of Leather

If you learn about Leather Industrial, you must know about definiton about Leather, How to Processing it Leather is a durable and flexible material created via the tanning of putrescible animal rawhide and skin, primarily cattlehide. It can be produced through different manufacturing processes, ranging from cottage industry to heavy industry.

The leather and the fur industries are differentiated by the manufacturing importance of the raw materials used to make the wares. In the leather industry, the skin and rawhide are by-products of the meat industry, because the meat has greater commercial value than the rawhide and skin. In the fur industry, the meat is a by-product, because the skins and hides have greater commercial value. Moreover, in taxidermy, the raw materials usually are only the animal’s head and back; hide and skin also are the raw materials for manufacturing animal glue and gelatin.

source : wikipedia.org

Definition of Leather

If you learn about Leather Industrial, you must know about definiton about Leather, How to Processing it or Leather is a durable and flexible material created via the tanning of putrescible animal rawhide and skin, primarily cattlehide. It can be produced through different manufacturing processes, ranging from cottage industry to heavy industry.

The leather and the fur industries are differentiated by the manufacturing importance of the raw materials used to make the wares. In the leather industry, the skin and rawhide are by-products of the meat industry, because the meat has greater commercial value than the rawhide and skin. In the fur industry, the meat is a by-product, because the skins and hides have greater commercial value. Moreover, in taxidermy, the raw materials usually are only the animal’s head and back; hide and skin also are the raw materials for manufacturing animal glue and gelatin.

source : wikipedia.org

Definition of Leather

List of Essential Oil

Essential oils are volatile and liquid aroma compounds from natural sources, usually plants. Essential oils are not oils in a strict sense, but often share with oils a poor solubility in water. Essential oils often have an odor and are therefore used in food flavoring and perfumery. Essential oils are usually prepared by fragrance extraction techniques such as distillation (including steam distillation), cold pressing, or extraction (maceration). Essential oils are distinguished from aroma oils (essential oils and aroma compounds in an oily solvent), infusions in a vegetable oil, absolutes, and concretes. Typically, essential oils are highly complex mixtures of often hundreds of individual aroma compounds.

Agar oil, distilled from Agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis). Highly prized for its fragrance.
Ajwain oil, distilled from the leaves of Bishop’s weed (Carum copticum). Oil contains 35-65% thymol.
Angelica root oil, distilled from the Angelica archangelica.
Anise oil, from the Pimpinella anisum, rich odor of licorice, used medicinally.
Asafoetida, used medicinally and to flavor food
Balsam oil, from the Myroxylon pereirae.
Basil oil is used in making perfumes, as well as in aromatherapy
Bay is used in perfumery; Aromatherapeutic for sprains, colds, flu, insomnia, rheumatism.
Bergamot oil, used in aromatherapy and in perfumes.
Black Pepper essential oil is distilled from the berries of Piper nigrum. The warm,soothing effect makes it ideal for treating muscle aches, pains and strains.
Buchu oil, made from the buchu shrub. Considered toxic and no longer widely used. Formerly used medicinally.
Birch is aromatheapeutic for gout, Rheumatism, Eczema, Ulcers.
Camphor is used for cold, cough, fever, rheumatism, arthritis
Cannabis flower essential oil, used as a flavoring in foods, primarily candy and beverages. Also used as a scent in perfumes, cosmetics, soaps, and candles.
Caraway oil, used a flavoring in foods. Also used in mouthwashes, toothpastes, etc. as a flavoring agent
Cardamom seed oil, used in aromatherapy and other medicinal applications. Extracted from seeds of subspecies of Zingiberaceae (ginger). Also used as a fragrance in soaps, perfumes, etc.
Carrot seed oil (essential oil), used in aromatherapy.
Cedarwood oil, primarily used in perfumes and fragrances.
Chamomile oil, There are many varieties of chamomile but only two are used in aromatherapy- Roman and German. Both have similar healing properties but German chamomile contains a higher level of azulin (an anti-inflammatory agent).
Calamus Root, used medicinally
Cinnamon oil, used for flavoring and medicinally.
Cistus species
Citronella oil, from a plant related to lemon grass is used as an insect repellent, as well as medicinally.
Clary Sage
Clove leaf oil, used as a topical anesthetic to relieve dental pain.
Coffee, used to flavor food.
Coriander
Costmary oil (bible leaf oil), from the Tanacetum balsamita
Costus Root, used medicinally
Cranberry seed oil, equally high in omega-3 omega-6 fatty acids, primarily used in the cosmetic industry.
Cubeb, used medicinally and to flavor foods.
Cumin oil/Black seed oil, used as a flavor, particularly in meat products. Also used in veterinary medicine.
Cypress
Cypriol
Curry leaf, used medicinally and to flavor food.
Davana oil, from the Artemisia pallens, used as a perfume ingredient and as a germicide.
Dill oil, chemically almost identical to caraway seed oil. High carvone content.
Elecampane, used medicinally.
Eucalyptus oil, historically used as a germicide. Commonly used in cough medicine, among other medicinal uses.
Fennel seed oil, used medicinally, particularly for treating colic in infants.
Fenugreek oil, used medicinally and for cosmetics from ancient times.
Frankincense oil, used for aromatherapy and in perfumes.
Galangal, used medicinally and to flavor food.
Galbanum
Geranium oil, used medicinally, particularly in aromatherapy, used for hormonal imbalance, for this reason geranium is often considered to be "female" oil.
Ginger oil, used medicinally in many cultures.
Goldenrod
Grapefruit oil, extracted from the peel of the fruit. Used in aromatherapy. Contains 90% limonene.
Henna oil, used medicinally
Helichrysum
Horseradish oil
Hyssop
Idaho Tansy
Jasmine oil, used for its flowery fragrance.
Juniper berry oil, used as a flavor. Also used medicinally, including traditional medicine.
Lavender oil is distilled from the lavender flower
Laurus nobilis
Lavender oil, used primarily as a fragrance. Also used medicinally.
Ledum
Lemon oil, similar in fragrance to the fruit. Unlike other essential oils, lemon oil is usually cold pressed. Used medicinally, as an antiseptic, and in cosmetics
Lemongrass. Lemongrass is a highy fragrant grass from India. In India, it is used to help treat fevers and infections. The oil is very useful for insect repellent.
Lime, anti septic, anti viral, astringent, aperitif, bactericidal, disinfectant, febrifuge, haemostatic, restorative and tonic. [18]
Litsea cubeba oil, lemon-like scent, often used in perfumes and aromatherapy.
Mandarin
Marjoram
Melaleuca See Tea tree oil
Melissa oil (Lemon balm), sweet smelling oil used primarily medicinally, particularly in aromatherapy.
Mentha arvensis oil/Mint oil, used in flavoring toothpastes, mouthwashes and pharmaceuticals, as well as in aromatherapy and other medicinal applications.
Mountain Savory
Mugwort oil, used in ancient times for medicinal and magical purposes. Currently considered to be a neurotoxin.
Mustard oil (essential oil), containing a high percentage of allyl isothiocyanate or other isothiocyanates, depending on the species of mustard
Myrrh oil, warm, slightly musty smell. Used medicinally.
Myrtle
Neem Tree Oil
Neroli is produced from the blossom of the bitter orange tree.
Nutmeg
Orange oil, like lemon oil, cold pressed rather than distilled. Consists of 90% d-Limonene. Used as a fragrance, in cleaning products and in flavoring foods.
Oregano oil, contains thymol and carvacrol, making it a useful fungicide. Also used to treat digestive problems.
Orris oil is extracted from the roots of the Florentine iris (Iris florentina) and used as a flavouring agent, in perfume, and medicinally.
Palo Santo
Parsley oil, used in soaps, detergents, colognes, cosmetics and perfumes, especially men’s fragrances.
Patchouli oil, very common ingredient in perfumes.
Perilla essential oil, extracted from the leaves of the perilla plant. Contains about 50-60% perillaldehyde.
Pennyroyal oil, highly toxic. It is abortifacient and can even in small quantities cause acute liver and lung damage.
Peppermint oil, used in a wide variety of medicinal applications.
Petitgrain
Pine oil, used as a disinfectant, and in aromatherapy.
Ravensara
Red Cedar
Roman Chamomile
Rose oil, distilled from rose petals, Used primarily as a fragrance.
Rosehip oil, distilled from the seeds of the Rosa rubiginosa or Rosa mosqueta. Used medicinally.
Rosemary oil, distilled from the flowers of Rosmarinus officinalis. Used in aromatherapy, topically to sooth muscles, and medicinal for its antibacterial and antifungal properties.
Rosewood oil, used primarily for skin care applications. Also used medicinally.
Sage oil, used medicinally.
The spice star anise is distilled to make star anise oil
Sandalwood oil, used primarily as a fragrance, for its pleasant, woody fragrance
Sassafras oil, from sassafras root bark. Used in aromatherapy, soap-making, perfumes, and the like. Formerly used as a spice, and as the primary flavoring of root beer, inter alia.
Savory oil, from Satureja species. Used in aromatherapy, cosmetic and soap-making applications.
Schisandra oil, from Schisandra chinensis, used medicinally.
Spearmint oil, often used in flavoring mouthwash and chewing gum, among other applications.
Spikenard, used medicinally.
Spruce
Star anise oil, highly fragrant oil using in cooking. Also used in perfumery and soaps, has been used in toothpastes, mouthwashes, and skin creams. 90% of the world's star anise crop is used in the manufacture of Tamiflu, a drug used to treat influenza, and is hoped to be useful for avian flu
Tangerine
Tarragon oil, distilled from Artemisia dracunculus, used medicinally.
Tea tree oil, distilled from Melaleuca alternifolia, used medicinally. Being a powerful antiseptic, antibacterial and antiviral agent, tea tree's ability to fight infection is second to none.
Thyme oil, used medicinally.
Tsuga
Turmeric, used medicinally and to flavor food
Valerian, used medicinally
Vetiver oil (khus oil) a thick, amber oil, primarily from India. Used as a fixative in perfumery, and in aromatherapy
Western red cedar
Wintergreen
Yarrow oil is used medicinally, to relieve joint pain
Ylang-ylang
Zedoary, used medicinally and to flavor food

source : wikipedia.org

List of Essential Oil

Agar oil, distilled from Agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis). Highly prized for its fragrance.
Ajwain oil, distilled from the leaves of Bishop’s weed (Carum copticum). Oil contains 35-65% thymol.
Angelica root oil, distilled from the Angelica archangelica.
Anise oil, from the Pimpinella anisum, rich odor of licorice, used medicinally.
Asafoetida, used medicinally and to flavor food
Balsam oil, from the Myroxylon pereirae.[5]

* Basil oil is used in making perfumes, as well as in aromatherapy
* Bay is used in perfumery; Aromatherapeutic for sprains, colds, flu, insomnia, rheumatism.
* Bergamot oil, used in aromatherapy and in perfumes.
* Black Pepper essential oil is distilled from the berries of Piper nigrum. The warm,soothing effect makes it ideal for treating muscle aches, pains and strains.
* Buchu oil, made from the buchu shrub. Considered toxic and no longer widely used. Formerly used medicinally.
* Birch is aromatheapeutic for gout, Rheumatism, Eczema, Ulcers.
* Camphor is used for cold, cough, fever, rheumatism, arthritis
* Cannabis flower essential oil, used as a flavoring in foods, primarily candy and beverages. Also used as a scent in perfumes, cosmetics, soaps, and candles.[6]
* Caraway oil, used a flavoring in foods. Also used in mouthwashes, toothpastes, etc. as a flavoring agent.[7]
* Cardamom seed oil, used in aromatherapy and other medicinal applications. Extracted from seeds of subspecies of Zingiberaceae (ginger). Also used as a fragrance in soaps, perfumes, etc.[8]
* Carrot seed oil (essential oil), used in aromatherapy.
* Cedarwood oil, primarily used in perfumes and fragrances.[9]
* Chamomile oil, There are many varieties of chamomile but only two are used in aromatherapy- Roman and German. Both have similar healing properties but German chamomile contains a higher level of azulin (an anti-inflammatory agent).
* Calamus Root, used medicinally
* Cinnamon oil, used for flavoring and medicinally.
* Cistus species
* Citronella oil, from a plant related to lemon grass is used as an insect repellent, as well as medicinally.
* Clary Sage
* Clove leaf oil, used as a topical anesthetic to relieve dental pain.
* Coffee, used to flavor food.
* Coriander
* Costmary oil (bible leaf oil), from the Tanacetum balsamita[10][11]
* Costus Root, used medicinally
* Cranberry seed oil, equally high in omega-3 omega-6 fatty acids, primarily used in the cosmetic industry.
* Cubeb, used medicinally and to flavor foods.
* Cumin oil/Black seed oil, used as a flavor, particularly in meat products. Also used in veterinary medicine.
* Cypress
* Cypriol
* Curry leaf, used medicinally and to flavor food.
* Davana oil, from the Artemisia pallens, used as a perfume ingredient and as a germicide.[12]
* Dill oil, chemically almost identical to caraway seed oil. High carvone content.
* Elecampane, used medicinally.
* Eucalyptus oil, historically used as a germicide. Commonly used in cough medicine, among other medicinal uses.[13]
* Fennel seed oil, used medicinally, particularly for treating colic in infants.
* Fenugreek oil, used medicinally and for cosmetics from ancient times.
* Fir
* Frankincense oil, used for aromatherapy and in perfumes.
* Galangal, used medicinally and to flavor food.
* Galbanum
* Geranium oil, used medicinally, particularly in aromatherapy, used for hormonal imbalance, for this reason geranium is often considered to be "female" oil.
* Ginger oil, used medicinally in many cultures.
* Goldenrod
* Grapefruit oil, extracted from the peel of the fruit. Used in aromatherapy. Contains 90% limonene.[14]
* Henna oil, used medicinally.[15]
* Helichrysum
* Horseradish oil
* Hyssop
* Idaho Tansy
* Jasmine oil, used for its flowery fragrance.
* Juniper berry oil, used as a flavor. Also used medicinally, including traditional medicine.

Lavender oil is distilled from the lavender flower

* Laurus nobilis
* Lavender oil, used primarily as a fragrance. Also used medicinally.[16]
* Ledum
* Lemon oil, similar in fragrance to the fruit. Unlike other essential oils, lemon oil is usually cold pressed. Used medicinally, as an antiseptic, and in cosmetics.[17]
* Lemongrass. Lemongrass is a highy fragrant grass from India. In India, it is used to help treat fevers and infections. The oil is very useful for insect repellent.
* Lime, anti septic, anti viral, astringent, aperitif, bactericidal, disinfectant, febrifuge, haemostatic, restorative and tonic. [18]
* Litsea cubeba oil, lemon-like scent, often used in perfumes and aromatherapy.
* Mandarin
* Marjoram
* Melaleuca See Tea tree oil
* Melissa oil (Lemon balm), sweet smelling oil used primarily medicinally, particularly in aromatherapy.
* Mentha arvensis oil/Mint oil, used in flavoring toothpastes, mouthwashes and pharmaceuticals, as well as in aromatherapy and other medicinal applications.[19]
* Mountain Savory
* Mugwort oil, used in ancient times for medicinal and magical purposes. Currently considered to be a neurotoxin.[20]
* Mustard oil (essential oil), containing a high percentage of allyl isothiocyanate or other isothiocyanates, depending on the species of mustard
* Myrrh oil, warm, slightly musty smell. Used medicinally.
* Myrtle
* Neem Tree Oil
* Neroli is produced from the blossom of the bitter orange tree.
* Nutmeg
* Orange oil, like lemon oil, cold pressed rather than distilled. Consists of 90% d-Limonene. Used as a fragrance, in cleaning products and in flavoring foods.
* Oregano oil, contains thymol and carvacrol, making it a useful fungicide. Also used to treat digestive problems.
* Orris oil is extracted from the roots of the Florentine iris (Iris florentina) and used as a flavouring agent, in perfume, and medicinally.
* Palo Santo
* Parsley oil, used in soaps, detergents, colognes, cosmetics and perfumes, especially men’s fragrances.
* Patchouli oil, very common ingredient in perfumes.
* Perilla essential oil, extracted from the leaves of the perilla plant. Contains about 50-60% perillaldehyde.
* Pennyroyal oil, highly toxic. It is abortifacient and can even in small quantities cause acute liver and lung damage.[25]
* Peppermint oil, used in a wide variety of medicinal applications.
* Petitgrain
* Pine oil, used as a disinfectant, and in aromatherapy.
* Ravensara
* Red Cedar
* Roman Chamomile
* Rose oil, distilled from rose petals, Used primarily as a fragrance.
* Rosehip oil, distilled from the seeds of the Rosa rubiginosa or Rosa mosqueta. Used medicinally.
* Rosemary oil, distilled from the flowers of Rosmarinus officinalis. Used in aromatherapy, topically to sooth muscles, and medicinal for its antibacterial and antifungal properties.[26]
* Rosewood oil, used primarily for skin care applications. Also used medicinally.
* Sage oil, used medicinally.

The spice star anise is distilled to make star anise oil

* Sandalwood oil, used primarily as a fragrance, for its pleasant, woody fragrance.[27]
* Sassafras oil, from sassafras root bark. Used in aromatherapy, soap-making, perfumes, and the like. Formerly used as a spice, and as the primary flavoring of root beer, inter alia.
* Savory oil, from Satureja species. Used in aromatherapy, cosmetic and soap-making applications.
* Schisandra oil, from Schisandra chinensis, used medicinally.
* Spearmint oil, often used in flavoring mouthwash and chewing gum, among other applications.
* Spikenard, used medicinally.
* Spruce
* Star anise oil, highly fragrant oil using in cooking. Also used in perfumery and soaps, has been used in toothpastes, mouthwashes, and skin creams.[28] 90% of the world's star anise crop is used in the manufacture of Tamiflu, a drug used to treat influenza, and is hoped to be useful for avian flu
* Tangerine
* Tarragon oil, distilled from Artemisia dracunculus, used medicinally.
* Tea tree oil, distilled from Melaleuca alternifolia, used medicinally. Being a powerful antiseptic, antibacterial and antiviral agent, tea tree's ability to fight infection is second to none.
* Thyme oil, used medicinally.
* Tsuga
* Turmeric, used medicinally and to flavor food
* Valerian, used medicinally
* Vetiver oil (khus oil) a thick, amber oil, primarily from India. Used as a fixative in perfumery, and in aromatherapy
* Western red cedar
* Wintergreen
* Yarrow oil is used medicinally, to relieve joint pain
* Ylang-ylang
* Zedoary, used medicinally and to flavor food

source : wikipedia.org

List of Essential Oil

Agar oil, distilled from Agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis). Highly prized for its fragrance.[1]
Ajwain oil, distilled from the leaves of Bishop’s weed (Carum copticum). Oil contains 35-65% thymol.
Angelica root oil, distilled from the Angelica archangelica.
Anise oil, from the Pimpinella anisum, rich odor of licorice, used medicinally.

* Asafoetida, used medicinally and to flavor food.
* Balsam oil, from the Myroxylon pereirae.[5]
* Basil oil is used in making perfumes, as well as in aromatherapy
* Bay is used in perfumery; Aromatherapeutic for sprains, colds, flu, insomnia, rheumatism.
* Bergamot oil, used in aromatherapy and in perfumes.
* Black Pepper essential oil is distilled from the berries of Piper nigrum. The warm,soothing effect makes it ideal for treating muscle aches, pains and strains.
* Buchu oil, made from the buchu shrub. Considered toxic and no longer widely used. Formerly used medicinally.
* Birch is aromatheapeutic for gout, Rheumatism, Eczema, Ulcers.
* Camphor is used for cold, cough, fever, rheumatism, arthritis
* Cannabis flower essential oil, used as a flavoring in foods, primarily candy and beverages. Also used as a scent in perfumes, cosmetics, soaps, and candles.[6]
* Caraway oil, used a flavoring in foods. Also used in mouthwashes, toothpastes, etc. as a flavoring agent.[7]
* Cardamom seed oil, used in aromatherapy and other medicinal applications. Extracted from seeds of subspecies of Zingiberaceae (ginger). Also used as a fragrance in soaps, perfumes, etc.[8]
* Carrot seed oil (essential oil), used in aromatherapy.
* Cedarwood oil, primarily used in perfumes and fragrances.[9]
* Chamomile oil, There are many varieties of chamomile but only two are used in aromatherapy- Roman and German. Both have similar healing properties but German chamomile contains a higher level of azulin (an anti-inflammatory agent).
* Calamus Root, used medicinally
* Cinnamon oil, used for flavoring and medicinally.
* Cistus species
* Citronella oil, from a plant related to lemon grass is used as an insect repellent, as well as medicinally.
* Clary Sage
* Clove leaf oil, used as a topical anesthetic to relieve dental pain.
* Coffee, used to flavor food.
* Coriander
* Costmary oil (bible leaf oil), from the Tanacetum balsamita[10][11]
* Costus Root, used medicinally
* Cranberry seed oil, equally high in omega-3 omega-6 fatty acids, primarily used in the cosmetic industry.
* Cubeb, used medicinally and to flavor foods.
* Cumin oil/Black seed oil, used as a flavor, particularly in meat products. Also used in veterinary medicine.
* Cypress
* Cypriol
* Curry leaf, used medicinally and to flavor food.
* Davana oil, from the Artemisia pallens, used as a perfume ingredient and as a germicide.[12]
* Dill oil, chemically almost identical to caraway seed oil. High carvone content.
* Elecampane, used medicinally.
* Eucalyptus oil, historically used as a germicide. Commonly used in cough medicine, among other medicinal uses.[13]
* Fennel seed oil, used medicinally, particularly for treating colic in infants.
* Fenugreek oil, used medicinally and for cosmetics from ancient times.
* Fir
* Frankincense oil, used for aromatherapy and in perfumes.
* Galangal, used medicinally and to flavor food.
* Galbanum
* Geranium oil, used medicinally, particularly in aromatherapy, used for hormonal imbalance, for this reason geranium is often considered to be "female" oil.
* Ginger oil, used medicinally in many cultures.
* Goldenrod
* Grapefruit oil, extracted from the peel of the fruit. Used in aromatherapy. Contains 90% limonene.[14]
* Henna oil, used medicinally.[15]
* Helichrysum
* Horseradish oil
* Hyssop
* Idaho Tansy
* Jasmine oil, used for its flowery fragrance.
* Juniper berry oil, used as a flavor. Also used medicinally, including traditional medicine.

Lavender oil is distilled from the lavender flower

* Laurus nobilis
* Lavender oil, used primarily as a fragrance. Also used medicinally.[16]
* Ledum
* Lemon oil, similar in fragrance to the fruit. Unlike other essential oils, lemon oil is usually cold pressed. Used medicinally, as an antiseptic, and in cosmetics.[17]
* Lemongrass. Lemongrass is a highy fragrant grass from India. In India, it is used to help treat fevers and infections. The oil is very useful for insect repellent.
* Lime, anti septic, anti viral, astringent, aperitif, bactericidal, disinfectant, febrifuge, haemostatic, restorative and tonic. [18]
* Litsea cubeba oil, lemon-like scent, often used in perfumes and aromatherapy.
* Mandarin
* Marjoram
* Melaleuca See Tea tree oil
* Melissa oil (Lemon balm), sweet smelling oil used primarily medicinally, particularly in aromatherapy.
* Mentha arvensis oil/Mint oil, used in flavoring toothpastes, mouthwashes and pharmaceuticals, as well as in aromatherapy and other medicinal applications.[19]
* Mountain Savory
* Mugwort oil, used in ancient times for medicinal and magical purposes. Currently considered to be a neurotoxin.[20]
* Mustard oil (essential oil), containing a high percentage of allyl isothiocyanate or other isothiocyanates, depending on the species of mustard
* Myrrh oil, warm, slightly musty smell. Used medicinally.
* Myrtle
* Neem Tree Oil
* Neroli is produced from the blossom of the bitter orange tree.
* Nutmeg
* Orange oil, like lemon oil, cold pressed rather than distilled. Consists of 90% d-Limonene. Used as a fragrance, in cleaning products and in flavoring foods.
* Oregano oil, contains thymol and carvacrol, making it a useful fungicide. Also used to treat digestive problems.
* Orris oil is extracted from the roots of the Florentine iris (Iris florentina) and used as a flavouring agent, in perfume, and medicinally.
* Palo Santo
* Parsley oil, used in soaps, detergents, colognes, cosmetics and perfumes, especially men’s fragrances.
* Patchouli oil, very common ingredient in perfumes.
* Perilla essential oil, extracted from the leaves of the perilla plant. Contains about 50-60% perillaldehyde.
* Pennyroyal oil, highly toxic. It is abortifacient and can even in small quantities cause acute liver and lung damage.[25]
* Peppermint oil, used in a wide variety of medicinal applications.
* Petitgrain
* Pine oil, used as a disinfectant, and in aromatherapy.
* Ravensara
* Red Cedar
* Roman Chamomile
* Rose oil, distilled from rose petals, Used primarily as a fragrance.
* Rosehip oil, distilled from the seeds of the Rosa rubiginosa or Rosa mosqueta. Used medicinally.
* Rosemary oil, distilled from the flowers of Rosmarinus officinalis. Used in aromatherapy, topically to sooth muscles, and medicinal for its antibacterial and antifungal properties.[26]
* Rosewood oil, used primarily for skin care applications. Also used medicinally.
* Sage oil, used medicinally.

The spice star anise is distilled to make star anise oil

* Sandalwood oil, used primarily as a fragrance, for its pleasant, woody fragrance.[27]
* Sassafras oil, from sassafras root bark. Used in aromatherapy, soap-making, perfumes, and the like. Formerly used as a spice, and as the primary flavoring of root beer, inter alia.
* Savory oil, from Satureja species. Used in aromatherapy, cosmetic and soap-making applications.
* Schisandra oil, from Schisandra chinensis, used medicinally.
* Spearmint oil, often used in flavoring mouthwash and chewing gum, among other applications.
* Spikenard, used medicinally.
* Spruce
* Star anise oil, highly fragrant oil using in cooking. Also used in perfumery and soaps, has been used in toothpastes, mouthwashes, and skin creams.[28] 90% of the world's star anise crop is used in the manufacture of Tamiflu, a drug used to treat influenza, and is hoped to be useful for avian flu
* Tangerine
* Tarragon oil, distilled from Artemisia dracunculus, used medicinally.
* Tea tree oil, distilled from Melaleuca alternifolia, used medicinally. Being a powerful antiseptic, antibacterial and antiviral agent, tea tree's ability to fight infection is second to none.
* Thyme oil, used medicinally.
* Tsuga
* Turmeric, used medicinally and to flavor food
* Valerian, used medicinally
* Vetiver oil (khus oil) a thick, amber oil, primarily from India. Used as a fixative in perfumery, and in aromatherapy
* Western red cedar
* Wintergreen
* Yarrow oil is used medicinally, to relieve joint pain
* Ylang-ylang
* Zedoary, used medicinally and to flavor food

source : wikipedia.org

Definition of Essential Oils

Do you know about essential oils ? An essential oil is a concentrated, hydrophobic liquid containing volatile aroma compounds from plants. Essential oils are also known as volatile, ethereal oils or aetherolea, or simply as the "oil of" the plant from which they were extracted, such as oil of clove. An oil is "essential" in the sense that it carries a distinctive scent, or essence, of the plant. Essential oils do not as a group need to have any specific chemical properties in common, beyond conveying characteristic fragrances.

Essential oils are generally extracted by distillation. Other processes include expression, or solvent extraction. They are used in perfumes, cosmetics, soap and other products, for flavoring food and drink, and for scenting incense and household cleaning products.

Various essential oils have been used medicinally at different periods in history. Medical application proposed by those who sell medicinal oils range from skin treatments to remedies for cancer, and are often based on historical use of these oils for these purposes. Such claims are now subject to regulation in most countries, and have grown more vague to stay within these regulations.

Interest in essential oils has revived in recent decades with the popularity of aromatherapy, a branch of alternative medicine which claims that the specific aromas carried by essential oils have curative effects. Oils are volatilized or diluted in a carrier oil and used in massage, diffused in the air by a nebulizer or by heating over a candle flame, or burned as incense, for example.

Source : wikipedia.org

How to Remove and Uninstall Software From Your Computer

One of the tasks that you should regularly undertake is to uninstall software from your computer. Software, especially those that you do not use and that your Internet browser put into your computer, can accumulate on your hard drive and slow down your computer. Surfing the Internet without ample protection will also let malicious code enter your system. You would need to clean your hard drive of unused software every so often to prevent this from happening.

Some people make the mistake of deleting folders from Windows Explorer in an attempt to uninstall software from their computers. This is not the right way to do it because it does not really get rid of the software. Moreover, it might accidentally delete files that the software you have deleted shares with other software, thus hampering the way these other software work.

There are many ways to uninstall software properly, and here is how to do it with the Windows Vista operating system.

Removing Software You Installed

As you use your computer, you would be installing software by yourself, software that you use for work, games that you play, applications for easier communication or file sharing with others online, and other such software. Eventually, you would stop using them when you get tired of them or when they have served their purpose.

You would need to uninstall software that you do not use anymore. To do this, you should go to your computer's Control Panel and open the Programs folder. Click on the name of the software you do not use anymore and then click uninstall.

Removing Browser-Installed Software and Malware
Not all the programs you would find in your computer are applications that have installed by yourself. When you browse the Internet, the websites you visit sometimes install cookies and other tidbits of code in the computer. If the computer is not protected, malicious software may also find their way into your system, causing your computer to breakdown - or worse, steal data from your computer.

To remove software you did not install by yourself, you would need to use Disk Cleanup. You can type "Disk Cleanup" on the search panel of your Windows Start menu, the small circle carrying the Windows logo on the lower left-hand corner of your screen. Find this application by accessing the Administrative Tools folder under the System and Maintenance menu in your Control Panel. Another option would be to download a third-party disk cleaner like CCCleaner.

To remove malware, you can use Windows Defender to scan computer. Also scan computer using protective software that can download for free, such as Spybot Search and Destroy. Also you need to do a deep scan of your registry to fish out malware hiding in there. To do that, you would need a registry cleaner, which you can also download for free.

After uninstall software from your computer, remember to defragment your hard drive. This will close all the gaps created by removing data from your hard drive and keep computer running faster and more smoothly.

This Article is written by John C Arkin from PrinterInkCartridges.PrintCountry the contributor of PrintCountry Articles. More information on the subject is at PrintCountry.com, and related resources can be found at Registry Cleaner.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=John_C_Arkinn

Windows XP Registry Repair Programs - The Easy Way

With Windows 7 still not being widely used and Windows Vista having been the worst disappointment of the Windows operating systems family, Windows XP is the most used Windows operating system at the moment. Its familiarity, ease of use, and comparatively low requirements has kept it the favorite of most PC users.

Of course, it's far from perfect (as any Mac user would tell you). One of the biggest problems of XP, and with any Windows operating system for that matter is that after some time, it tends to make computers freeze at random times.

The first time that it happens can be quite frustrating, specially if you have worked for hours or advanced a lot in a video game and you hadn't saved your progress. Even so, you first think it was an isolated incident. Then, your computer becomes slower and slower and freezing incidents happen with increasing frequency.

What happens is that your Windows registry is damaged, corrupted, or just out of normal configuration. The Windows XP registry is a database of information on how the processes of Windows should work. It also contains your computer's basic operating settings.

Internet browsing and program installation tend to change your Windows XP registry to adapt it to each site or program. After a while, the settings of the Windows registry have changed so much that the computer receives contradicting or erroneous instructions, which lead to slowing down and freezing.

In those cases, aside from formatting your computer and installing every program again, you have to make a Windows XP registry repair. Or rather have someone make a Windows registry repair for you.

Really, if you don't know how to make a Windows XP registry repair, then leave those files alone. You won't even know how to start and you'll end up creating more problems, and even permanently freezing your computer.

I said that you should have someone make the Windows XP registry for you. But there is another, cheaper option. Just get one of those programs on the Internet that makes Windows registry repairs automatically. It'll save you tons of time and trouble, and it won't be nearly as expensive as taking your computer to a repair shop.

If you still insist on making a Windows XP registry repair manually, at least back up all your information so that you don't lose it if something goes wrong.

Now Pay Close Attention Here-

There are many registry Repair Tools available, Every Registry Cleaner has some benefits as well some drawbacks. Check the Registry Cleaners Review- Click Here, Also Don't Forget to Run a Free Performance Scan using our Top Pick.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=James_Matthew_Malaka

Windows Registry Cleanup - The Easy Way

Does your computer freeze often without any discernible cause at all? Do you have to save your files every 5 minutes because you are afraid your computer will crash at any minute and you don't want to lose your work? Are you afraid of opening your media player and listen to music while you work because you think it might freeze your computer? Do you run your antivirus program over and over in the hopes that random crashes stop? Are you considering sending your computer to a repair shop to see if they can find what's causing the freezing?

I understand your pain. Random computer freezing is one of the most frustrating problems there is. I'm not talking about computer freezing when you're using a newly installed program or freezing when your computer is struggling to cope with the high requirements of a very advanced video game.

I'm talking about the kind of freezing that happens when you're in the middle of doing something simple and not very resource demanding, like writing a document in Word, or making additions on an Excel spreadsheet. Or just leaving the computer on and finding it frozen when you come back to it.

In those cases, what you need is a registry cleanup.

The Windows registry is a database that stores the information of how your computer works and its settings. When it's messed up, your computer's performance falls dramatically, slowing or freezing at random. Installation, reinstallation, and uninstalling programs can modify the Windows registry. Viruses and blackouts are other causes as well.

A Windows registry cleanup will find what's wrong with your Windows registry and fix it, reestablishing it's settings to its regular values.

You can carry out a Windows registry cleanup manually by running regedit.exe. However, the average Windows user will not know what to do. If you don't have advanced programming skills, tampering with your Windows registry will cause even more random freezing and even permanent damage.

Just take the easy way and get a program from the Internet that can run the Windows registry cleanup for you. Such a program will not only do the Windows registry cleanup in a matter of seconds, but it will also know exactly what to do.

If you still insist on doing it manually, at least save all your information on another computer and have your Windows operating system installation discs nearby. That way, if you have to format your computer, you wouldn't have lost your files.

Now Pay Close Attention Here-

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=James_Matthew_Malaka

How Does Registry Cleaning Software Work and Is It Safe?

How does Registry Cleaning Software Work

Faster, more effective and less expensive then a geek, a good registry cleaning software product systematically scans your computer's Windows registry to discover problems deep in the registry. The software looks for corrupt files, obsolete and incorrect entries and then repairs the errors and restores the Windows registry to optimal performance. A good registry cleaner will also make a back up copy of your registry as a safeguard to unexpected errors in the repair process. Along with all of that it will also reduce the size of the registry file thereby freeing up computer resources.

Using a good registry cleaning software will save you time and money restoring your computer and it will help you avoid the frustration and potential problems you're bound to have attempting a manually repair.

Once you have fixed your registry problems a good registry software product running in the background will prevent new problems from affecting your computer. Here is a list of things a registry cleaner will do to optimize your Registry's performance:

Back Up Registry

The Backup feature is a must for any Registry Clean software product. With a good backup utility you are protected against an error in the repair process.

Compact Registry

Once your registry is repaired your registry is still the same size as it was before all of the repairs, deletions and defragmentation reduced the size needed to contain the registry. Your registry should be compacted now to the new size so it doesn't take up valuable resources. A good registry repair software product will compact the registry.

Fix Faulty Application Paths

Faulty application paths cause incorrectly referenced disk directories. This may cause programs to fail to open properly.

Fix Invalid File Associations

Many times when a program is uninstalled the program files and directories are removed but the file extensions are not removed from the registry slowing performance.

Fix Invalid Shortcuts

Shortcuts are found on the desktop and other locations on your computer. Shortcuts can get disconnected to the program or files they were intended to point to. This clutters up the registry with more junk and should be repaired.

Remove Orphan Files

Orphan files are files that are left behind and are no longer useful. When you uninstall a program some files may be left on the computer but they are no longer associated with a working program. These orphan files can and should be removed. The problem is making sure that a file is an unneeded orphan file and not one that is useful.

Fix Invalid Class Keys

Invalid Class Keys and Shell Extensions are examples of more junk files that fill up and slow down your computer.

Fix Empty Registry Keys

Empty Registry Keys are just what the name implies; empty and useless keys with null data. More extra baggage for your computer to lug around.

Validate OLE Objects

OLE - Object Linking and Embedding is a technology that allows the linking and embedding of objects in documents

Manage Shared Dll's

DLL stands for Dynamic Link Library that contains functions that software developers use for jobs. Unlike.exe files they can not be run directly but must be used more like a module. When you see a dll error message most likely it is not an error in the dll file itself but an indication of an error involving a dll file. Because dll files are like modules they are often shared by programs. Often there are problems involved in the sharing that need to be resolved.

Fix Startup errors

When you reboot your computer and it takes a very long time or you receive error messages you are experiencing startup errors. It might be a file that won't load. It might be a driver that can't be found. It might be a virus, malware or spyware that has infected your computer. In the worst case you won't even be able to start your computer.

Fix Invalid User Settings

The registry stores information for all users of a computer. Sometimes these settings are corrupted. A user might be deleted or changed and problems occur in the registry

We recommend a that every computer running a Windows operating system use a Registry Cleaner/Fixer/Optimizer.

Rodney Shorette is a publisher working in the areas of computer optimization and productivity for business and individuals. He is the owner of http://www.registryrelief.com, a website dedicated to evaluating registry cleaners to improve computer performance. Get a free scan to see if your computer registry needs to be fixed at http://www.registryrelief.com.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Rodney_Shorette

Field Service Software - A Boon to All Entrepreneurs

Entrepreneurs can have a field day with Field services software, as this technology allows them to access all of their operations from a single point and thus manage it in a better manner.

If you are an independent entrepreneur, then you would be well-versed with, so to speak, the irregularities as well as constantly recurring issues that constantly seem to make the management of things difficult for an entrepreneur. And since you are constantly occupied with small issues, you literally have no time to think 'big' about expanding your business and taking it to the next level, which is an imperative necessity at all times, particularly if you have just started and have big dreams for your business (which is, quite frankly, the dream of EVERY entrepreneur).

However, with the advent of better technologies in the present times, it has become a bit more convenient to manage things by the means of field service software. Think of this software as a one-stop solution to all your problems, since it handles all of your problems by centralising all the activities to one central point from where you can control everything and thus eliminate the chances of problems recurring due to unorganised processes and mismanaged resources. And in case you are thinking that it would be a very expensive and difficult to implement proposition, let me assure you that it is neither of the two. Although in the initial stages of the inception of this software the cost was a heavy one, the present times have brought with them more affordable solutions with even better advantages, which you would be able to win many clients and customers with improved automation and better efficiency in all the processes. Further, as far as the implementation of field services software goes, there are customised solutions for every industry, so there is no question of your specific line of business being left out of the league due to non-compatibility.

About the Author:-
Ayan Ahmad has been working as a senior Software Engineer with a leading IT company. For his ardent passion for writing, Ahmad often writes on current issues of the software industry. For field services software more information please visit: http://www.bellasolutions.com

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Ayan_Ahmad

The Best Registry Cleaner Tool

The best registry cleaner tool is the cleaner that can help you make your PC run faster and without any errors. This claim might seem far-fetched, but we've found a cleaner which is able to fix the most issues inside your PC and make it run like it did when it was new.

There are a lot of registry tools out on the Internet, but only a few of these tools are able to do what they promise. Many people claim on their websites, that 'registry cleaners' can stop errors and make your PC run faster. In fact, these tools were never designed specifically to do those tasks - they were designed to clean out your PC, and the result of that is that your computer might seem to run faster and a little more reliably.

Unfortunately, there are a lot of registry cleaner tools which are hyped up as being 'golden bullets' to big computer problems, when the reality is that only a handful of really good registry cleaners will actually do any good for your PC. The best registry cleaners are the ones that can find and fix the most problems that your computer has, allowing it to run faster and smoother simply because it does not have any damaged or corrupt files on it any more.

Most registry cleaners are very poor quality because they are just designed to find 'empty registry keys'. These keys do nothing to harm your PC, meaning that if they are removed nothing will be improved on your system. Instead, you need to use a cleaner that removes 'invalid registry keys', which are the keys that cause your PC to have errors and slow down. The best cleaners are the ones that can find and remove a large number of damaged or corrupted registry keys, which should allow your computer to run faster and smoother.

The best registry tool we have used has been one called "regcure" which is a popular registry system that has been around since 2006. This cleaner has continuously been able to find and remove the largest number of issues on our test computers, allowing us to quickly make the most of our PCs.

From our experience, the best registry cleaner is a tool called RegCure,

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Greg_Harry_Barker

Which Anti-Virus Program Is Really Better For Your PC? Another favorite topic of mine. Security software comes in many flavors and people just seem to have their own preference in taste. Therefore, the accompaning thoughts surrounding subject software tend to be overwhelming at times. Read carefully as I have included very detailed points often left out of the marketing world but are quite important to the purpose of having any security software installed. This may include configurations, targeted/limited studies, indirect false impressions or simple omission of data.

Now -- The fun part!

Problems with your computer.. did someone say to you: "hey, try this.."? For example, ever here (or even said yourself) either of these two statements regarding a new program for your computer?

** It slowed my computer down!
** I tried that one but I still got a virus!

Oh those two comments are abundant in the world of Internet Security software. Want to know why those problems exist? I will explain them a clearly as possible.

First let's take a look at some of the top Internet Security programs. Below is a short list and a description of associated issues in my opinion:

Norton 360 / Symantec: (Pros) - powerful, reliable, good overall protection. Under the right circumstances, this is a quality product! / (Cons) - Easily broken (aka. software corruption) and can be both memory and processor intense. / If maybe you bought a less powerful computer because all you wanted was email, chat and surf then your computer probably isn't prepared to take on this guy without a few upgrades for it to be more effective. Oh Peter Norton, what have you done.. (ref: buy.norton.com/estore/mf/landingProductFeatures)
AVG Internet Security: (Pros) - powerful, reliable, fast, top notch protection, cost effective, good product support, also a top quality product with a personal touch from the company owner actually caring. Light load on your system. Updated often - ensures better protection. / (Cons) - can be a bear to install in rare instances due to your windows registry, does not compensate well with shortcomings in MS Windows Operating Systems (note: notice the cons refer to issues with Windows and not necessarily this product). / For the average consumer - this one just may be what you need. Includes online banking protection, URL validation, ID Theft protection and much more. (ref: avg.com)
Panda Internet Security 2010: (Pros) - very powerful, reliable, fairly fast, rates beside the best in quality protection, easy to operate, flexible. / (Cons) - Easily broken (aka. software corruption), when it is working it is working quite well, however, if something slips by its stability engine (a mini program that maintains good operation of the entire suite) then you may be busy trying to repair the issue. Difficult completing the registration process in some cases. / Product support is fairly good but not always immediate. (ref: pandasecurity.com/usa/)
McAfee: (Pros) - fast, light load on your system, reasonably priced. / (Cons) - ah we can't have it all. I should call this one fast, vast and Last! It is just as adaptive and objective as the rest but it simply does not always deliver. The fast speed may be due to possibly skipping some steps or deep scans and advanced heuristic techniques cut short. I am sure it is better than nothing at all. Nothing against the company, simply does not stack up in my book. (ref: home.mcafee.com)
Microsoft Live One Care - (Pros) - its there. (Cons) - It's Microsoft (where focus is on marketing and not delivery). You would think having an all-in-one similar and compatible package as a supplement of the Operating System would be a fantastic direction to turn, however, the reality is we need to remember that it is built on top of Windows - a less-than-adequate foundation in most cases. Back to the ole 'convenience' first and achieving expected results last. NOTE: Microsoft has discontinued this product line and is moving to a FREE (ref: microsoft.com/security_essentials/default.aspx) integrated solution (don't hold your breath for relief in protection).

That covers the overview but let's get back to those two famous comments (shown above with two asterisks ).

Slowing down the computer... The reality here is simple! A) The Files: Anytime you install any additional software, especially those types that run as a service when your computer starts up (ie. all that anti-ware protection programs) includes the "file load time" for those extra files. In other words, with keeping in mind that program files can not be used until they are read from disk and loaded into memory that we must also remember to wait for this to happen. This is normal and the most affected time is during initial system start-up. After the few extra seconds in booting your computer, the speed should return to normal. B) Auto Scans: Were you aware than many Internet Security programs have a default setting to scan your computer at normal intervals, periodically based on how many boots since last scan, after some updates and more? Very true! Often, after putting that new program on or during its routine scan, your computer seem to come to a screeching halt. This annoyance factor is a necessity but the default times or settings can be changed in most cases! Take the time to configure your software product for both optimal performance, protection and yes, compatibility with your needs. For those more patient or remembered your patience vitamins today, your system speed should return from vacation soon. C) Other: OK. The Not so fun news. The instances where there wasn't an auto-scan yet your system appears to struggle just moving the mouse along the way. Sad to break the news but fact is there is usually only two reasons for this scenario. 1) System corruption where your Windows simply needs to be seriously cleaned of other anti-ware programs or more likely, reloaded / reinstalled (the most common reason!). 2) Compatibility issues where your product is compatible with windows but not necessarily other programs already installed, a configuration issue between your system and the anti-ware software or similar issue.
That virus got me even with anti-ware program "xyz" installed! How'd that happen?!?!? Not a ROFL moment by any stretch of the imagination but may come close once you know why. A) Updates: How often do you update your protection software? Important: In most cases, anti-virus programs can only protect you from a virus that it is aware of! Oh, your anti-virus program wasn't at the meeting / didn't get the memo? How about those TPS reports? Anti-virus vendors discover new viruses constantly! Many of them provide updates to your program's virus definition list up to a few times a day. Did you just say "oh, my updates are set to weekly"? Wait - no, perhaps my subscription is expired and I no longer receive updates! There you have it folks. We need to fix our TPS Reports! Please do your updates often! By the way, don't miss the next meeting! ha B) Scans: This little guy is often overlooked. There just aren't enough hours in the day to go to work, clean the house, keep mama happy and still have time for some scan. This fast paced world of our left off the importance of scans, especially after fixing your TPS report! If you just performed an anti-virus update, it is most likely aware of viruses now that were not on the previously definition list. Do yourself a favor! Take advantage of your now more intelligent anti-virus program and re-scan your computer as it may find something that it never could have acknowledged, before.

Before I click the enticing "Submit Article" button, may I include a side note for those wanting extra PC Security. Please do NOT install more than one Anti-Virus or other software at a time. They most often have notable conflicts with one another and the thought of doubling your protection may have actually just cut your protection in half or completely off.

How important is your data? Simply pretend that each time you see your data is the last time you will ever see your data. Then decide how often you should make another copy (aka. Back-it-up).

A bonus note for those experimenting with various PC protection software, consider also investing in a quality "drive / partition imaging" program for your computer! This will allow you to take a snapshot of your stored information in the event the software installs/uninstalls may eventually lead to a full hard system crash with potential of losing all data. You will then, and only then, have the "option" of restoring that snapshot "drive / partition image" back to its full previous state. Note: this is completely unrelated to a Microsoft Restore Point and may deserve a bit more attention or consideration. I have no favorites here so check around for the imaging product that best fits your needs.

OK wonderful world in a web - have any comments, suggestions, argument, compliments, complaint better yet, a challenging question? Follow me to my home web site where you may find other great links for ensuring a better overall protected computer system.

Hello. I am an Internet Security specialist and a computer security hobbyist with approximately 21 years experience in everything computers. This life style began in 1987 by experimenting with code and learning electronics repair, 1988 basic programming, 1989 custom port interfacing for serial-type component communication, 1990 advanced VB and C programming, 1992 security in encryption, 1993 custom software development, 1996 html programming and web publishing, 1997 reverse engineering and advance security testing, 1999 certifications in various areas with everything from A+ to MCSE on NT4+ and started home business of PC repair, tutoring and worked part-time for a large computer company, 2000 studies in PKI, advanced computer security, studies in computer related laws, 2001 designing PC interfaces with mainframes and advanced PC security techniques, 2002 medium to large scale network engineering, 2003 advanced network security and computer forensics. From 2003 to current I have continued a combination of work although I found my niche in PC security, Network Security, Anti-hacking, reverse engineering, software testing and Computer Forensics. Present day I am looking to mostly share my little bit of knowledge in hopes of helping others overcome obstacles in less than the 22+ years it has helped me in gaining a bit of empirical knowledge.

For more useful computer tips, visit http://www.apex-pc.com, My Internet Security 2010+ Site and browse around. You may use my contact page there should you need to make a request for support.

Thank you.

/JHall

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